This research paper highlights the critical role of livestock in both environmental sustainability and economic viability. The methodology included a comprehensive review of existing studies and statistical data on livestock production and its impacts. Key findings indicate that livestock contribute significantly to global agricultural GDP, but their increasing numbers and demand may threaten ecological balance. Evidence shows that policies aimed at optimizing livestock productivity while minimizing environmental damage, such as genetic selection and improved feed formulations, are essential for sustainability. the authors call for a better integration of animal science and technology with environmental policies to create sustainable livestock systems for the future.