This CSIRO report from 2010 focuses on the effects of agricultural management on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. Through various studies conducted globally, the research demonstrates that management changes can significantly increase SOC stocks, with sequestration rates typically ranging from approximately 0.1 to 1.0 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. In particular, transitioning from conventional tillage to no-till farming has shown mean sequestration rates of around 0.57 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ over 15–20 years. The methodology involved a meta-analysis of long-term agricultural experiments, which allows for a broad comparison across different ecosystems. The key evidence indicates that practices such as restoring degraded lands and applying manure can effectively improve SOC levels. Overall, these findings suggest that sustainable agricultural practices are beneficial for soil health and critical for carbon sequestration efforts, thus playing a role in climate change mitigation.